Abstract
BackgroundQuality control of indoor residual spraying (IRS) is necessary to ensure that spray operators (SOs) deposit the correct concentration of insecticide on sprayed structures, while also confirming that spray records are not being falsified.MethodsUsing high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), this study conducted quality control of the organophosphate insecticide pirimiphos-methyl (Actellic 300CS), during the 2018 IRS round on Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea. Approximately 60 SOs sprayed a total of 67,721 structures in 16,653 houses during the round. Houses that were reportedly sprayed were randomly selected for quality control testing. The SOs were monitored twice in 2018, an initial screening in March followed by sharing of results with the IRS management team and identification of SOs to be re-trained, and a second screening in June to monitor the effectiveness of training. Insecticide samples were adhesive-lifted from wooden and cement structures and analysed using HPLC.ResultsThe study suggests that with adequate quality control measures and refresher training, suboptimal spraying was curtailed, with a significant increased concentration delivered to the bedroom (difference = 0.36, P < 0.001) and wooden surfaces (difference 0.41, P = 0.001). Additionally, an increase in effective coverage by SOs was observed, improving from 80.7% in March to 94.7% in June after re-training (McNemar’s test; P = 0.03).ConclusionsThe ability to randomly select, locate, and test houses reportedly sprayed within a week via HPLC has led to improvements in the performance of SOs on Bioko Island, enabling the project to better evaluate its own performance.
Highlights
Quality control of indoor residual spraying (IRS) is necessary to ensure that spray operators (SOs) deposit the correct concentration of insecticide on sprayed structures, while confirming that spray records are not being falsified
IRS campaigns have had in reducing the burden of malaria, many factors can affect the efficacy of IRS including insecticide resistance, costs of spraying, and the level of training spray operators (SOs) receive [6, 8]
This study focuses on using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to monitor organophosphate concentrations and assess intra-operational target dosage of SOs during the 2018 IRS round on Bioko Island
Summary
Quality control of indoor residual spraying (IRS) is necessary to ensure that spray operators (SOs) deposit the correct concentration of insecticide on sprayed structures, while confirming that spray records are not being falsified. Indoor residual spraying (IRS) remains a critical tool in reducing the global burden of malaria in endemic countries [1]. Fuseini et al Malar J (2020) 19:35 infant and child mortality [2,3,4,5]. It functions primarily by killing endophagous mosquitoes when they land on sprayed surfaces, as well as by deterring feeding mosquitoes from entering the house completely [6]. Maximizing the effect of IRS in reducing malaria transmission requires efficient delivery of effective insecticide at largescale [10, 11]
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