Improving the methods of early diagnosis of anemic syndrome in the practice of the district general practitioner

Abstract

Background: anemic syndrome is a common comorbidity in many acute and chronic somatic diseases. Early diagnosis of anemia in the conditions of a modern polyclinic can significantly improve the prognosis of the underlying disease and the patient’s quality of life. Aim: to study the prevalence of latent anemic syndrome in patients seeking primary health care. Determine the level of diagnosed and latent anemia in clinics patients. Methods: to conduct the study, a scientifically-based action plan was developed, guided by the collection of statistical data from a case-control diagnostic process. Clinical practice and diagnostics of anemia syndrome were evaluated in patients of the polyclinic who applied for help from October 1 to November 1, 2018, on the basis of data from out-patient cards, analysis of data from general clinical studies of blood and myelograms; 58 (34,7%) patients had an anemic syndrome, anemia was diagnosed in 9 (6%) cases. Results: the authors analyzed 167 out-patient medical records of patients aged 18 to 96 years. Among them, 109 are female patients, 58 are male patients. Patients were divided into 2 groups: 109 (65,3%) without signs of anemia, 58 (34,7%) with signs of anemic syndrome, among which 42 women (25,1%), men - 16 (9,6%). The average hemoglobin level in all age groups was 111±15,5 (72-119) for women (p = 0,001), and 116±17 (100-128) for men (p = 0,001). The average content of red blood cells: women - 3,34±0.52 (p = 0,01), men - 4.1±0,4 (p = 0,01). Hypochromic anemia was observed in 40 (69,8%) patients, normochromic - in 10 (17%) patients, hyperchromic - in 8 (13,2%) (p = 0,01). Conclusion: anemic syndrome adversely affects the development of the underlying disease, aggravating its course and leads to complications. Timely diagnosis, corrected treatment of anemia will significantly reduce the number of patients applying to out-patient clinics with typical somatic complaints characteristic of the anemic syndrome after treatment of the underlying disease.