Abstract
AbstractNowadays, reducing the hazards of bayer red mud (BRM) is an important research direction in the fields of environmental and safety. In this article, Mg/Al/Fe ternary layered double hydroxides (Mg/Al/Fe-LDHs) were synthesized successfully by a co-precipitation method based on introducing Mg2+ into the BRM suspension. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results showed that the decomposition rate of LDHs is higher than that of BRM, which indicates that LDHs can absorb more heat than BRM during the decomposition process. Subsequently, BRM and LDHs were added into the ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) to investigate its effects on reducing flammability of the composites. The cone calorimeter test (CCT) results demonstrated that 50 wt% LDH-B can make the peak value of HRR (PHRR) decrease from 1694.8 kW/m2 (EVA) to 199.2 kW/m2 (ELDH2). The smoke density test (SDT) results showed that the luminous flux of ELDH2 is nearly 95% at the end of test with a pilot flame, which is much higher than that of EVA and EBRM. The thermogravimetry-Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (TG-FTIR) results confirmed that LDHs can improve the thermal stability of composites and reduce the production of some toxic gases. Compared with BRM, the improved flame retardancy of Mg/Al/Fe-LDHs is ascribed to the introduction of Mg2+, which offering an enhanced catalytic carbonization capability, as well as the physical barrier effect of char residue layer catalyzed by the lamellar LDHs
Highlights
Nowadays, reducing the haKzeayrdwsoordf sb:aLyeeronreadrd pEathiry,lternideiavginoynlaalcmetaattreix(,EsVeAl)f-cdoupaollymer as a universal mud (BRM) is an important research diCrelacstisoin icnatthioenfi:e1l7dBs 37,e1n5gAin2e1ering material is widely used in all aspects of of environmental and safety
We further explore the novel mild method, co-precipitation method, to prepare Mg/Al/Fe-LDHs based on introducing Mg2+ into the Bayer red mud (BRM) suspension
LDHs were synthesized through a co-precipitation method: 10 g of BRM powder was poured in 25 mL deionized water solution, and 25 mL of 36% HCl was added
Summary
EVA copolymer containing 18 wt% vinyl acetate was purchased from Beijing Eastern Petrochemical Co., Ltd. China. Hydrochloric acid (HCl, 36%), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) were obtained from Tianjin Bodi Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. China. MgCl2·6H2O was purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. China. LDHs were synthesized through a co-precipitation method: 10 g of BRM powder was poured in 25 mL deionized water solution, and 25 mL of 36% HCl was added. Pure EVA and its composites were prepared through the melt blending method using an internal mixer with a rotor speed of 30 rpm. The samples were named EBRM, ELDH1, ELDH2, ELDH3, ELDH4 and ELDH5, which containing 50 wt% BRM, LDH-A, LDH-B, LDH-C, LDH-D and LDH-E, respectively
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