Abstract
Bamboo is a rich natural resource in the Asia Pacific, and it is widely used in the construction and decoration industry. Meanwhile, bamboo is an extremely combustible natural polymer material. Herein, the bamboo slices were treated with melamine and phytic acid using layer-by-layer (LBL) assembly technology to improve their flame retardancy properties. The morphology and chemical composition of untreated and treated bamboo slices were measured by scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive X-ray analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectra. The results showed that two-dimensional melamine–phytate (MP) nanoflakes were successfully formed and deposited on the bamboo surface. The deposition of the MP coating caused the earlier degradation of the bamboo to form char, according to thermogravimetric analysis. The peak heat release rates of the treated bamboo slices were reduced by more than 28% compared to those of the untreated ones. The MP coating promoted the formation of thermally stable char, which was responsible for the significant improvement in flame retardancy. Besides, the char layer with excellent thermal resistance performed a vital role in suppressing flame spread.
Highlights
Bamboo is a natural polymer material and a rich natural resource in the Asia-Pacific region (Sharma et al, 2015a)
Melamine with amino groups can form aggregates when it interacts with acidic sites in phytic acid (PA)
Each molecular structure of PA has six phosphate groups that can interact with six melamine molecules
Summary
Bamboo is a natural polymer material and a rich natural resource in the Asia-Pacific region (Sharma et al, 2015a). Traditional methods to improve the flame retardancy of bamboo materials included impregnation (Guo et al, 2019), copolymerization (Bidsorkhi et al, 2017), and surface coating (Yao et al, 2019). LBL assembly technology, which is primarily based on the alternating electrostatic attraction of oppositely charged polyelectrolytes, has been used to endow bamboo with flame retardancy (Carosio et al, 2017; Wang et al, 2018a). In this work, the cationic melamine and anionic PA were synthesized into flame-retardant melamine–phytate (MP) and deposited on bamboo slices by the LBL assembly technique. The thermal stability and flame-retardant performances of the treated bamboo slices were investigated. The ovendried bamboo slices were first dipped in the melamine solution for 5 min, rinsed with deionized water to eliminate any remaining polyelectrolytes, and air-dried at room temperature.
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