Improving the epidemiological surveillance of especially dangerous infectious diseases in independent Kazakhstan: a literature review

Abstract

Relevance. According to the World Health Organization, a tense epidemic situation with regard to quarantine and especially dangerous infections remains in the world. The list of such dangerous diseases that are relevant for Kazakhstan has been replenished with the coronavirus infection that has recently spread throughout the world. Epidemiological surveillance and control of dangerous diseases in modern conditions are undergoing changes in connection with the setting of more complex tasks to create a global surveillance network and early detection of infectious pathogens that can cause epidemics and the development of response measures. Purpose. Analysis of the activities of the sanitary and epidemiological service of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the context of the spread of especially dangerous infections, including coronavirus infection for the period from 1991 to 2020, according to the literature. Search strategy. A search for scientific publications was carried out in the search engines PubMed, BMC, Medline, GoogleScholar, e-Library. The depth is 30 years. Inclusion criteria: publications corresponding to the depth of search (1991-2020), in Kazakh, Russian and English;full-text epidemiological studies. Exclusion criteria: publications with fuzzy conclusions, recurring publications, abstracts and conference proceedings, articles with paid access. A total of 144 publications were analyzed, of which 70 are included in this review. Results. The analysis of literary sources showed that the anti-epidemiological service of Kazakhstan needs to further improve its structure with the introduction of new strategies based on a clear vision of promising goals, based on the use of modern scientific and institutional development technologies. The results of the analysis also showed that in recent years there has been a positive trend in the state of the sanitary and epidemiological situation for especially dangerous infections - a decrease has been registered in a number of significant dangerous diseases, and for some vaccine-controlled diseases, the priority goal is to completely eliminate or eliminate them. Conclusions. Based on the analysis carried out, it can be concluded that the system of the anti-epidemic service in Kazakhstan, as a whole, is at a good level, has a high sensitivity, is sufficiently timely and representative. However, against the background of massive human disease with coronavirus infection, there is a need to continue to modify the surveillance system. Therefore, further scientific developments in this direction will be of particular relevance and will allow identifying priority areas for improving the sanitary and epidemiological system.