Abstract
The widespread use of electricity determines the development of new methods for effective control of electrical energy consumers in the face of changing constraints. A model of a decentralized control system for a group of electric room heaters based on the collective behavior of automatic machines interacting with a random environment with a limited resource distribution is studied. The considered problem differs from the known ones in that the distribution participants are limited in the use of the resource by the “all or nothing” condition. This means that each electric heater at the current time can use a fixed amount of energy resources or refuse it, and the third is not provided. The decision to connect the heaters to the electrical network is made when performing the Nash equilibrium. The Nash equilibrium condition in this work means that the unused power of the electrical network is lower than the power of any heater not connected to the electrical network. The self-organization procedure of a group of electric heaters is studied. A model of a control system for electric heaters has been developed with the task of distributing a limited resource of electrical energy based on Nash equilibrium, using the principles of decentralized control, information technologies for the development and implementation of control actions by a group of heaters. The experiments carried out have confirmed the effectiveness of a decentralized electric heating control system and allow us to recommend it for practical use. It is shown that the proposed approach opens the way to the construction of cost-effective intelligent electric heating systems
Highlights
The considered problem differs from the known ones in that the distribution participants are limited in the use of the resource by the “all or nothing” condition. This means that each electric heater at the current time can use a fixed amount of energy resources or refuse it, and the third is not provided
In Europe, for example, the share of residential buildings with electric heating is at least 30 % in France, Germany, and Sweden
In France, where nuclear energy is highly developed, more than 90 % of new and under-construction buildings are heated from electricity
Summary
In Europe, for example, the share of residential buildings with electric heating is at least 30 % in France, Germany, and Sweden. The uncontrolled switching on of three heating devices with a capacity of 1.5 kW each can lead to an unacceptable overload of the power supply network, given the operating conditions of other household electrical appliances. This, in turn, will lead to an emergency power outage of the room This problem can be solved by ordering (synchronizing) in time the states of electrical heating devices. Exceeding the permissible power limit can be avoided if the operation of heating devices is synchronized with each other and with other energy consumers in such a way as to automatically redistribute electricity. It is relevant to study the principles of self-organization of a “smart” electrical network with a decentralized distribution of limited power of electrical energy The results of such studies can be useful for solving the problems of distributed direct electrical heating
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