Abstract
This chapter discusses improving economics of a pumped-storage peak-power plant by additional functions and their evaluation. It is a general principle that all thermal power plants should be running continuously with the most favorable efficiency factor to cover with them the base load, therewith avoiding uneconomical partial-load operation. During more than 50 years of working with pumped-storage plants, further applications were developed that are interesting for the operation of the interconnected power system. If it is not absolutely necessary to utilize all economic advantages, the pumped-storage plant can be used purely as an instant reserve plant, ready to be started or run at zero power output. Considering pumped-storage plants, it is necessary to differentiate among power permanently and nonpermanently available, because of the varying gross head. In general, the demand for reactive power of a utility system should be generated as close as possible to the location of its consumption to keep the transmission losses small. The reactive power generated by machine sets of pumped-storage plants being available at all operating modes is a saving respective reducing other, far more expensive means to provide reactive power for the utility system.
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