Improving the adaptation of perennial ryegrass, tall fescue, phalaris, and cocksfoot for Australia

Abstract

Abstract The main perennial pasture grasses sown in Australia are perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), phalaris (Phalaris aquatica L), tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea L.), and cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.). The area of adaptation, and the longevity and yield of these species are likely to improve considerably over the next decade as a result of the activities within the Australian Grass Improvement Program. Recent use of summer‐dormant cultivars of phalaris has proved successful and novel summer‐dormant cultivars of perennial ryegrass and tall fescue will soon be released to commerce. Of these four naturalised species, all but tall fescue have been commonly sown by farmers in Australia for 60–130 years. However, only phalaris has been subjected to detailed and sustained research. Breeders have provided a range of phalaris cultivars for early to late‐season environments with improved seedling vigour, winter growth, and reduced anti‐quality factors. They have also addressed edaphic limitations. Prog...