Improving students' critical thinking ability through model argument driven inquiry (ADI) integrated STEM

Abstract

Critical thinking skills are useful in solving various life problems, but students' critical thinking skills are low. Meanwhile, the ADI Integrated STEM model to improve critical thinking skills is still rarely done. This study aimed to improve students' critical thinking skills through the ADI Integrated STEM model on sound and light waves. This study employed a mixed-method with an embedded design. A total of 33 eleventh grade students majoring in natural science were involved as research subjects. In the engineering process, students made a tool called "ABOH" as a solution to contextual problems encountered by students. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the study was conducted online through Google Meet and a WhatsApp group. Quantitative data were measured with a critical thinking ability test instrument of 5 essay questions with reliability of 0.614. Meanwhile, qualitative data were obtained through interviews before, during, and after the learning process. Quantitative data were analyzed by paired sample t-test, N-gain, and effect size, while qualitative data were analyzed through data reduction, coding, and data interpretation. The results showed that the ADI Integrated STEM model had a significant impact on improving students' critical thinking skills, with an N-gain score of 0.24 (low category), and an effect size score of 1.86 (high category). Students had the highest N-gain on the concluding indicator, while the lowest showed on the providing further explanation indicator. Students faced difficulty in calculating the length and travel time of waves. Students gave a positive response (61% Agree and 23% Very Agree) and were enthusiastic about the learning model applied even though it was carried out in limited circumstances. Future study is recommended to complement the ADI Integrated STEM model with formative assessment. Thus, students and teachers get constructive feedback throughout the learning process.