Improving Spinal Cord Stimulators’ Outcomes: A literature Review

Abstract

Spinal pain is debilitating, inhibits the quality of life, requires many interventions that include non-pharmacological, pharmacological therapies that are costly to both patients and insurance companies. With the advent of updated chronic pain treatment technology, it is essential to accurately assess risks versus benefits and many varying contributing factors in treatment candidacy. The purpose of the exploratory research is to describe current pain neuromodulation technology that includes spinal cord stimulators (SCS) and dorsal root ganglion (DRG) technology. The employed research methods are secondary research analysis comprised quantitative and qualitative data. The research revealed that when individuals undergoing the SCS trial period, if they experienced 4.6 out of ten pains, there is a 50% probability of permanent implantation success with a sensitivity of 97.14 and specificity of 44.44%. An individual who underwent DRG implantation within 1-year, complex regional pain, and failed back syndrome was reduced by ?56.7%, back pain was ?46.71%, and foot pain ?72.97%. In one reviewed study conducted from 1997 to 2014, 73% of permanent devices were removed due to inadequate pain control. In another reviewed research conducted from 2013 to 2017, 22% reported complications causing a need for device removal. It is concluded that although there is a trial period for the candidacy of permanent placement of SCS or DRG, there is a high incidence of permanent device explanation. There is a need for more exploratory research on causative variables that result in permanent neuromodulation device removal. Thorough documenting of baseline pain, along with thorough psychological clearance, can aid in providing enhanced outcomes after permanent implantation. Keywords: Spinal cord stimulators, implants, generators, explantation, revisions.