Improving solar domestic hot water effectiveness using Al2O3 and ZnO nanoparticles: Focusing on annual energy-saving

Abstract

Backgroundsolar collectors can meet the sanitary hot water requirements. In this way, the use of nanofluids in solar domestic hot water (SDHW) can improve the effectiveness. The main purpose of this paper was to examine the thermal behavior of SDHW in the presence of nanoparticles for three climate zone. MethodsThe efficacy of using Al2O3 and ZnO nanoparticles into the water on energy-saving parameter was examined utilizing transient techniques. Findingsthe results revealed that owing to using SDHW filled with water, the annual energy usage was reduced by 1002.5, 939.25 and 758.5 kWhm2 for zones A, B and C. It was found that the addition of nanoparticles could improve the usefulness of SDHW system. If Al2O3 nano-scale particles were added to water, the SDHW effectiveness was improved by 12.1% (for zone A), 13.3% (zone B) and 18.7% (zone C). For ZnO nanoparticles, this figure was 6%, 6.6 and 10.8% for zones A, B and C, respectively. Therefore, the profitability of solar energy was intensified further by the addition of Al2O3 nanoparticles.