Abstract
An abandoned land after tin-mining activities are degraded lands with undulating and destructed land scape and low soil fertility status. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of organic amendments on the soil properties, growth, and grain yield of corn (Zea mays L.) on abandoned tin-mining areas in Bangka Island, Bangka Belitung Archipelago. The field experiment was conducted at the abandoned tin-mining areas in Cambai Village, Bangka Belitung Archipelago. Five treatments of organic amendments were applied and replicated three times and laid out in a Randomized Completely Block Design. All treatments were applied with the recommended rate fertilizer of 135 kg N ha-1, 72 kg P2O5 ha-1, and 120 kg K2O ha-1. The treatments were T1= 20 Mg chicken manure ha-1;T2= 20 Mg cattle manure ha-1; T3= 20 Mg rice straw compost ha-1; T4 : 10 Mg of chicken manure ha-1 + 10 Mg rice straw compost ha-1; and T5= 10 Mg cattlemanure ha-1 + 10 Mg rice straw compost ha-1. Application of organic amendments (chicken manure, cattle manure, and rice straw compost) on abandoned tin-mining land improved soil fertility due to the increasing of soil pH and nutrient availability, especially available-P and -K, and exchangeable bases. Application of chicken manure and cattle manure were significantly better than rice straw compost to improving soil fertility, nutrient uptake, growth and yield of maize. Application of cattle manure gave the highest yield of maize, namely 6.24 Mg ha-1.
Highlights
Land is one of natural resources in watershed in addition to vegetation, water and enviromental service that are humans capital to fulfill their necessities of life
The results showed that land in Batang Pelepat watershed consist of 23 land units (Figure 1) which dominated by slope of >15-30% (13,354 ha or 27.55%) and slope of >45-65% (14,242 ha or 29.39%) (Table 1 and Figure 2)
According to Harjadi et al (2007), land characteristics of watershed is determined by topography factor of a region and slope dominantly, because watershed that dominated by steep slope and hill and mountain topography would be relatively sensitive to erosion and potentially to critical watershed
Summary
Land is one of natural resources in watershed in addition to vegetation, water and enviromental service that are humans capital to fulfill their necessities of life. Land characteristics are one of factors that determines the characteristics of watershed. The increasing of population and development activities have caused land use practice for economic oriented. According to Kartodihardjo et al (2004), generally land use in watershed is less concern to linkages of elements constituent of watershed systems, whereas carrying capasity conditions of watershed depend on complex and interrelated some factors. Those principles of land utilization have caused degradation of land and some watershed in Indonesia
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