Improving Security in the Internet of Vehicles: A Blockchain-Based Data Sharing Scheme

Abstract

To ensure the aggregation of a high-quality global model during the data-sharing process in the Internet of Vehicles (IoV), current approaches primarily utilize gradient detection to mitigate malicious or low-quality parameter updates. However, deploying gradient detection in plain text neglects adequate privacy protection for vehicular data. This paper proposes the IoV-BDSS, a novel data-sharing scheme that integrates blockchain and hybrid privacy technologies to protect private data in gradient detection. This paper utilizes Euclidean distance to filter the similarity between vehicles and gradients, followed by encrypting the filtered gradients using secret sharing. Moreover, this paper evaluates the contribution and credibility of participating nodes, further ensuring the secure storage of high-quality models on the blockchain. Experimental results demonstrate that our approach achieves data sharing while preserving privacy and accuracy. It also exhibits resilience against 30% poisoning attacks, with a test error rate remaining below 0.16. Furthermore, our scheme incurs a lower computational overhead and faster inference speed, markedly reducing experimental costs by approximately 26% compared to similar methods, rendering it suitable for highly dynamic IoV systems with unstable communication.