Abstract
In a recent TICS article, Poldrack [1] offers a highly informative analysis of the use and misuse of ‘reverse inference’ in neuroimaging, a common practice by which the engagement of a particular cognitive process is inferred from the activation of a particular brain region. Using a formal Bayesian analysis framework, Poldrack shows that the usefulness of reverse inference depends on the selectivity of activation in the region of interest (the ratio of process-specific activation to the overall likelihood of activation in that region across all tasks).
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