Abstract
Since multiple health behaviour interventions have gained popularity, it is important to investigate their effectiveness compared to single health behaviour interventions. This synthesis aims to determine whether single intervention (physical activity or dietary) or multiple interventions (physical activity and dietary) are more effective at increasing these behaviours by synthesizing reviews and meta-analyses. A sub-purpose also explored their impact on weight. Overall, reviews/meta-analyses showed that single health behaviour interventions were more effective at increasing the targeted behaviours, while multiple health behaviour interventions resulted in greater weight loss. This review may assist policies aiming at improving physical activity and nutrition and reversing the obesity epidemic.
Highlights
Non-communicable diseases account for 60%of annual deaths worldwide [1]
Even though physical activity interventions reported small to moderate effects, medium size effects were found for the pre-post changes of the intervention groups
One of three meta-analyses highlighted a significant difference in weight loss between the intervention group and control group
Summary
Non-communicable diseases (such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer) account for 60%of annual deaths worldwide [1]. Non-communicable diseases (such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer) account for 60%. Specific rates of deaths attributable to chronic disease in Canada and the United States are 89% and 70%, respectively. Rates of obesity have mirrored increases in chronic diseases. Recent numbers indicate that the percentage of obese people (Body Mass Index (BMI) > 30) has increased from 13% to. Similar rates have been found in European countries [5,6]. This increase in excess weight has societal impacts since overweight (BMI > 25) and obesity directly influence chronic diseases and account for approximately 58% of diabetes, 21% of ischaemic heart disease and 8–42% of certain cancers [2]
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