Abstract
Time-resolved diffuse optical tomography is a technique used to recover the optical properties of an unknown diffusive medium by solving an ill-posed inverse problem. In time-domain, reconstructions based on datatypes are used for their computational efficiency. In practice, most used datatypes are temporal windows and Fourier transform. Nevertheless, neither theoretical nor numerical studies assessing different datatypes have been clearly expressed. In this paper, we propose an overview and a new process to compute efficiently a long set of temporal windows in order to perform diffuse optical tomography. We did a theoretical comparison of these large set of temporal windows. We also did simulations in a reflectance geometry with a spherical inclusion at different depths. The results are presented in terms of inclusion localization and its absorption coefficient recovery. We show that (1) the new windows computed with the developed method improve inclusion localization for inclusions at deep layers, (2) inclusion absorption quantification is improved at all depths and, (3) in some cases these windows can be equivalent to frequency based reconstruction at GHz order.
Highlights
Time-resolved diffuse optical technology is an emerging photonic technique to continuously quantify the concentrations of several physiological chromophores such as hemoglobin, lipid or collagen
Radiative Transfer Equation (RTE) has some analytical solutions [8,9,10] these just hold for simple geometries and cannot be applied to more complex environments, such as an human head or breast models, without making strong assumptions
The simulations results are given in order to analyze the performance of tomography algorithms based on temporal windows and Fourier transform datatypes
Summary
Time-resolved diffuse optical technology is an emerging photonic technique to continuously quantify the concentrations of several physiological chromophores such as hemoglobin, lipid or collagen. Successful measurements have been done at different human body locations such as brain [1,2], breast [3] or thyroid [4]. An interesting extension of this technology is to perform diffuse optical tomography [5,6] by computing three-dimensional maps of oxy- and deoxy-hemoglobin; in this approach, photon propagation is modeled in a computer and results are compared with experimental measurements. In order to have accurate results, it is important to have a realistic model for photon propagation in tissues. RTE has some analytical solutions [8,9,10] these just hold for simple geometries and cannot be applied to more complex environments, such as an human head or breast models, without making strong assumptions. Apart from classical Monte-Carlo simulations [11,12], new numerical methods have been proposed, some of which are the one-way RTE [13] or hybrid RTE [14]; they are still highly time-consuming for real-time applications
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