Abstract
Abstract We estimated American black bear (Ursus americanus) abundance across the Upper Peninsula of Michigan (41,984 km2) during 8 years between 1990–2004 using tetracycline-laden baits and hunter harvest in mark–recapture analyses with the Lincoln–Petersen estimator. We marked 179–251 bears during each of 8 summer marking sessions using a mean bait density of 1 bait/69 km2. We examined teeth collected annually during bear registration for tetracycline marks in the year of marking and through 6 years post marking. From harvest samples, we recovered 6–25% of bears marked in the year of marking. Annual proportion of harvested bears with tetracycline marks from a given marking session through 6 years post marking ranged from 0.0–5.6%. Males with tetracycline marks were more prevalent in the harvest as were bears 3–4-years old. Placement of baits in aspen (Populus spp.) vegetation type and presence of recent bear activity increased bait consumption and consequently the number of bears marked. Simulation mode...
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