Improving health-related quality of life and adherence to health-promoting behaviors among coronary artery bypass graft patients: a non-randomized controlled trial study.

Abstract

This study aimed to determine the impact of a healthy lifestyle empowerment program on health-related quality of life and adherence to health-promoting behaviors in coronary artery bypass graft patients. This non-randomized controlled trial was conducted in 2019 on 97 coronary artery bypass graft patients in Iran. Participants were selected by culturally pragmatic and non-randomized method and assigned to healthy lifestyle empowerment program group (HLEPG) (n = 49) and conventional education group (CEG) (n = 48). Data were collected by the 12-item short-form health survey (SF-12) and health-promoting lifestyle profile II (HPLP2), which were administered at baseline and three-month follow-up. The healthy lifestyle empowerment program and conventional education as two interventions were performed for HLEPG and CEG, respectively. Data analysis was performed using the paired t-test, independent t-test, analysis of covariance and linear mixed method at the 0.05 significance level. In the follow-up, both groups showed a significant increase in the mean score of health-related quality of life (p ≤ 0.001) but this increase was visibly greater in the HLEPG (from 23.47 ± 7.48 to 35.60 ± 5.95) than in the CEG (from 22.93 ± 5.93 to 27.6 ± 4.90). The healthy lifestyle empowerment program also significantly increased the mean score of adherence to health-promoting behaviors in the HLEPG (p ≤ 0.001), whereas no such change was observed in the CEG. The results of the linear mixed model showed that the follow-up scores health-related quality of life and adherence to health-promoting behaviors of the HLEPG were 27.26 and 7.56 units significantly greater than the CEG after HLEP, respectively (p < 0.001). Considering the results of this study, health care providers are recommended to devise and implement healthy lifestyle empowerment programs to improve the health-related quality of life of coronary artery bypass surgery patients. Registered at Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT20171213037860N1).