Abstract
The dynamics of current global challenges—like food and nutrition security, environmental degradation, climate change, and emergencies—reduce the availability of and/or access to natural resources, and thereby underline the urgency of achieving transformational changes in the governance of tenure. This is increasingly required to bring the greatest good to the most people, in line with human rights. The globally applicable “Voluntary Guidelines on the Responsible Governance of Tenure of Land, Fisheries and Forests in the Context of National Food Security” (VGGT) were developed to promote responsible tenure governance. The importance of instituting effective monitoring for the implementation of the VGGT at the country level in order to ensure that they have an impact on the ground is well accepted. However, little progress has been made to date. This paper explores plural perspectives on monitoring by the different stakeholders involved because of the multi-dimensional nature of the VGGT implementation, and because tenure governance is a complex system. Allowing space for multiple views means leaving no one’s view behind. It is proposed to map the multiple pathways of change to achieve responsible tenure governance in a causal framework using the concept of theories of change. A pluralistic approach will entail different theories of change operating simultaneously, which will provide an inclusive and comprehensive tool for monitoring by showing the preferred pathways of progress on the ground, and by contributing to future trajectories.
Highlights
Tenure systems increasingly face stress as the world’s growing population requires food and nutrition security, and as environmental degradation, climate change and outbreaks like the COVID-19 pandemic reduce the availability of and/or access to natural resources, such as land, fisheries, forests, minerals and water [1,2,3,4]
Urbanization, the expansion of food production and high-input dependency, bio-economy strategies, climate change mitigation strategies, and natural disasters amplify the demands on the limited land and natural resources often resulting in disputes and conflicts [6]
There are many different understandings from diverse stakeholder groups on what comprises the monitoring of the VGGT implementation and the ways in which it should be executed
Summary
Tenure systems increasingly face stress as the world’s growing population requires food and nutrition security, and as environmental degradation, climate change and outbreaks like the COVID-19 pandemic reduce the availability of and/or access to natural resources, such as land, fisheries, forests, minerals and water [1,2,3,4]. These issues have shown, among others, the fragility of food supply chains, especially where these are labor-intensive [5]. The VGGT are meant to benefit all people in all countries, with an emphasis on those who are more vulnerable and marginalized [8,9]
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