Abstract
GNSS positioning performance has been shown to improve with the ingestion of data from Global Ionospheric Maps (GIMs) and tropospheric zenith path delays, which are produced by, e.g., the International GNSS Service (IGS). For both dual- and triple-frequency Precise Point Positioning (PPP) processing, the significance of GIM and tropospheric products in processing is not obvious in the quality of the solution after a few hours. However, constraining the atmosphere improves PPP initialization and solution convergence in the first few minutes of processing. The general research question to be answered is whether there is any significant benefit in constraining the atmosphere in multi-frequency PPP? A key related question is: regarding time and position accuracy, how close are we to RTK performance in the age of multi-GNSS PPP-AR? To address these questions, this paper provides insight into the conceptual analyses of atmospheric GNSS PPP constraints. Dual- and triple-frequency scenarios were investigated. Over 60% improvement in convergence time was observed when atmospheric constraints are applied to a dual-frequency multi-GNSS PPP-AR solution. Future work would involve employing the constraints to improve low-cost PPP solutions.
Highlights
The effects of ionosphere and troposphere refraction are mitigated in the Global
The purpose of this study is to demonstrate how close multi-GlobalNavigation Satellite System (GNSS) Precise Point Positioning (PPP) performance is to RTK-like performance by focusing on the increasing improvements seen in the reduction of convergence time
By resolving ambiguities while constraining atmospheric parameters, it was observed that the multi-GNSS PPP solutions converged to a decimetre-level in less than 2 min for the horizontal components
Summary
Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Precise Point Positioning (PPP) measurement processing technique using dual- or triple-frequency linear combinations and systematic modelling, respectively [1,2,3,4,5]. The purpose of such mitigation hinges on improving PPP convergence and initialization which has been a challenging but promising area of GNSS research. The progression towards the improvement of multi-GNSS PPP solution quality and initial convergence is only natural given that measurement strength and satellite geometry are continually being enhanced.
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