Abstract
Nanoparticles can accelerate cement hydration due to their high activity compacting microstructure, and consequently increase the strength. For the industrial production of concrete modified with nanoscale particles, it is necessary to develop an environmentally friendly and cheap technology for the industrial production of nanoparticles. The article presents the results of increasing the operational characteristics of concrete by adding graphene nanostructures obtained by liquid-phase shear exfoliation of graphite. This environmentally friendly technology requires energy costs, at least ten times less than technologies that use ultrasonic treatment of the suspension. Our industrial partner set a specific task: to find the minimum concentration of graphene structures in relation to cement, at which the compressive strength of cement-sand mix increases by 30%. It was experimentally established that at concentrations of graphene nanostructures with respect to cement not more than 0.02%, the compressive strength increases by at least 30%.
Highlights
Concrete is the most used material in the global construction industry, but so far there are a number of problems: insufficient strength, especially when bending; high absorption of moisture and not sufficient durability; high carbon dioxide emissions from cement production
(after 28 days), the strength of the beams made of cement-sand mixture modified with few-layer graphene increased by 14%, compared to control samples
Earlier [13], we experimentally found that when the concentration of few-layer graphene with respect to cement was 0.05%, the compressive strength increased by about 60%
Summary
Concrete is the most used material in the global construction industry, but so far there are a number of problems: insufficient strength, especially when bending; high absorption of moisture and not sufficient durability; high carbon dioxide emissions from cement production. Nanoparticles can accelerate cement hydration due to their high activity, densifying the microstructure and, increasing strength and durability [2]. The effect of nanometakaolin (NMK) on the mechanical properties and microstructure of Portland cement mortar was investigated [3]. The NMK was prepared by thermal activation of kaolin clay for 2 hours at 750°C.
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