Abstract
A new structure of the charging station for electric vehicles has been proposed, which was developed on the basis of a three-phase transformer and a three-level active four-quadrant rectifier with the power factor correction. This paper describes the parameters of the proposed structure of the charging station and gives the parameters for the replacement circuit of the battery compartment in the electric car TESLA, model S, which was reduced to a single equivalent battery. We have described a method for fast charging the battery with constant current and constant voltage CC-CV, which ensures a greater number of battery charge-discharge cycles. The mathematical formulae have been given for calculating the power losses components and the efficiency of the proposed structure of the charging station over a full interval of the battery charge. We have outlined a system of automated control over the charge current and voltage, which is based on the pulse-width modulation of the second order and an integrated regulator. The simulation model of the proposed structure of the charging station, built in the MATLAB/Simulink programming environment, has been presented, as well as the simulation results: the oscillograms of input and output currents and voltages, the dynamics of the charge current regulator operation. The polynomial approximation of the IGBT-modules energy characteristics aimed at calculating the static and dynamic losses in the power switches of an active rectifier has enabled the construction of a loss counter model. It has been shown that increasing the value of a charge current under the CC mode decreases the resultant integrated value of the charge process efficiency, but, at the same time, the power factor increases and the emission of higher harmonics decreases. We have performed the optimization of power losses in the proposed system of the charging station based on the parameters of the minimal charge current and the modulation frequency in PWM. Our analysis of the components of energy losses in the proposed structure has confirmed its energy efficiency in comparison with other existing structures. The advantage of the proposed structure is that it enables improved efficiency and power factor while lowering the emission of current higher harmonics. The following system indicators have been obtained: the integrated efficiency value of the electric car full charging process using a CC-CV method is 95.6 %, the power factor is 0.99, the total harmonic distortion coefficient of the input current is 2.5 %
Highlights
Every year, electric cars become more popular compared to cars with internal combustion engines
Paper [16] studied the efficiency of a charging station of electric vehicles based on a converter, which consists of a rectifier and a parallel three-channel buck-boost converter (Fig. 3)
We have proposed the concept of an external direct-current charging station based on an active three-phase rectifier (AR) with the power factor correction (Fig. 5)
Summary
Electric cars become more popular compared to cars with internal combustion engines. Paper [16] studied the efficiency of a charging station of electric vehicles based on a converter, which consists of a rectifier and a parallel three-channel buck-boost converter (Fig. 3) The disadvantage of this topology is the lack of Fig. 3. The cy of charging stations for electric vehicles based on an active converter efficiency was determined using an experimental three-level rectifier with the power factor correction. – to outline a procedure for determining the integrated efficiency value of a charging process in the represented system of a charging station for electric vehicles, taking into consideration the parameters of a power grid, the transformer, the converter power switches, and the parameters of an electric car’s battery pack compartment; Fig. 4. Veefil-RT per-charger so&charge a three-level active rectifier
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