Abstract
Since the 1990s, efforts have been made to reduce the damage caused by natural disasters, among which the Disaster Impact Assessment (DIA) System implemented in 1995 is noteworthy for its proactive response. The DIA System has undergone various institutional and technological changes to retain its original purpose. However, its operation has become inadequate because of the diversification of business types. This paper presents the improvements required in the DIA System based on an analysis of the problems that have emerged during its institutional development and over 9000 pieces of data collected from 2015 to 2017. The results show that, first, the DIA’s Practical Guidelines should be subdivided, considering the diversity of projects. Second, the system should be strengthened to ensure it is not mistaken for a mere bureaucratic box-ticking exercise. Third, non-structural measures should be expanded to reduce the number of casualties after development. Incorporating the improvements proposed in this study will improve the effectiveness of the DIA. Additionally, the DIA System could be established as an important model for Korea’s disaster risk reduction activities.
Highlights
The 2019 Global Natural Disaster Assessment Report (UNDRR Preventionweb 2020)indicated the following percentages for economic damage caused by natural disasters on a global scale: storm 47.53%, flood 29.52%, wildfire 21.28%, earthquake 1.4%, landslide 0.16%, and drought 0.11%
This paper proposes major items required for the future development of the Disaster Impact Assessment (DIA) System
Among the measures established through the review committee, disaster prevention facilities serve as the primary disaster risk reduction facilities (National Law Information Center 2019)
Summary
The 2019 Global Natural Disaster Assessment Report (UNDRR Preventionweb 2020)indicated the following percentages for economic damage caused by natural disasters on a global scale: storm 47.53%, flood 29.52%, wildfire 21.28%, earthquake 1.4%, landslide 0.16%, and drought 0.11%. The percentage of property damage caused by heavy rain is 43%, while that caused by typhoons is 46%. Together, they comprise 89% of the total damage caused by natural disasters. To reduce the impact of such natural disasters in Korea, various efforts have been attempted from 1995 until the present day, including improvements (to the legal system, with assessment techniques, with disaster risk reduction policies, etc.) in disaster risk areas and small rivers, as well as the establishment of a storm reservoir. Among the measures established through the review committee, disaster prevention facilities serve as the primary disaster risk reduction facilities (National Law Information Center 2019). The measures proposed through the review committee have positive aspects such as preventing or reducing disasters by predicting and evaluating in advance dangerous areas or risks and establishing countermeasures.
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