Improving Development Outcomes and Reducing Disaster Risk through Planned Community Relocation

Johanna Nalau,John Handmer

doi:10.3390/su10103545

Abstract

The idea of relocation as a transformative disaster risk reduction, climate adaptation, and development strategy follows the assumption that relocation reduces the vulnerability of communities. Yet, it is unclear whose and what kind of vulnerability is reduced through relocation, and which factors are important in determining the “success” of relocation efforts as strategies for development, climate change adaptation (CCA), and disaster risk reduction (DRR). Temporary and short distance relocation is highly likely to achieve increased resilience by reducing exposure, but relocation to a new area and new communities brings a range of issues. CCA and DRR use different timescales and focal points regarding relocation: CCA focuses on future mass permanent relocation and the subsequent potential loss of cultures and identities mainly due to projected sea level rise. The DRR community focuses on temporary relocation as a way to reduce exposure to a range of hazards, although it is also involved in permanent movement as a transformative way to reduce risk and enhance development. We explore these differences in this paper, with examples mainly from the Pacific Small Island Developing States where past relocations have been numerous. Better understanding and articulation of the underlying assumptions and preferences in CCA, DRR, and development discourses on planned community relocation could provide a richer context for future planning and dealing with both slow-onset and sudden disasters.

Highlights

Development-disaster risk systems are facing increasing challenges, many of which are due to the complex unprecedented nature of changing climate [1,2]
It is unclear as to whose and what kind of vulnerability is reduced through relocation, and which factors are important in determining the “success” of relocation efforts as strategies for overall development, climate change adaptation (CCA), and disaster risk reduction (DRR)
This paper has examined the different ways in which relocation can be defined, and the range of dimensions and issues that need to be considered in planned community relocation

Summary

Introduction

Development-disaster risk systems are facing increasing challenges, many of which are due to the complex unprecedented nature of changing climate [1,2]. It is unclear as to whose and what kind of vulnerability is reduced through relocation, and which factors are important in determining the “success” of relocation efforts as strategies for overall development, climate change adaptation (CCA), and disaster risk reduction (DRR). We examine factors that seem to be pertinent for successful planned community relocation within the context of development, climate change adaptation (CCA), and disaster risk reduction (DRR). We reflect on the current approaches and initiatives, and we identify the potential opportunities for future development research, policy, and practice

Relocation

Planning for Entitlements

Changing Worldviews

Discussion and Conclusions