Abstract
Presently, we develop a simplified corticothalamic (SCT) model and propose a single-pulse alternately resetting stimulation (SARS) with sequentially applying anodic (A, “+”) or cathodic (C, “−”) phase pulses to the thalamic reticular (RE) nuclei, thalamus-cortex (TC) relay nuclei, and cortical excitatory (EX) neurons, respectively. Abatement effects of ACC-SARS of RE, TC, and EX for the 2Hz–4Hz spike and wave discharges (SWD) of absence seizures are then concerned. The m:n on-off ACC-SARS protocol is shown to effectively reduce the SWD with the least current consumption. In particular, when its frequency is out of the 2 Hz–4Hz SWD dominant rhythm, the desired seizure abatements can be obtained, which can be further improved by our proposed directional steering (DS) stimulation. The dynamical explanations for the SARS induced seizure abatements are lastly given by calculating the averaged mean firing rate (AMFR) of neurons and triggering averaged mean firing rates (TAMFRs) of 2Hz–4Hz SWD.
Highlights
Absence seizures are characterized by about 2 Hz–4 Hz spike and wave discharges (SWD)[1,2] which are correlated with the pathologic oscillations within the corticothalamic (CT) circuit[3,4,5]
3.1 Bifurcations related to SWD induced by both autaptic connections of thalamus and neocortical pyramidal neurons
The GABAA/B effect acted on TC from RE, −νtr, has been demonstrated to incur the brain activity of the typical 2 Hz– 4 Hz SWD[28,29] due to the double but independent GABAA- and GABAB-mediated functions with a significant delay, τ = 50 ms
Summary
Absence seizures are characterized by about 2 Hz–4 Hz spike and wave discharges (SWD)[1,2] which are correlated with the pathologic oscillations within the corticothalamic (CT) circuit[3,4,5]. We develop a simplified corticothalamic (SCT) mean field model, which is obtained by replacing the input modulations from BG with anodic (A,“+”) or cathodic (C, “−”) phase single-pulse stimulation applied on RE, TC, and EX, respectively. Based on this SCT model, the aforementioned questions are addressed by proposing a tritarget single-pulse alternately resetting stimulation (SARS) strategy. Our work is motivated by a desire to optimize the spatiotemporal pattern of the SARS with the aim of improving its control effect for the SWD, and to reveal the dynamic mechanisms underlying seizure control
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