Abstract
Cancer National cancer screening programs, such as mammography for breast cancer, are often variably implemented such that thresholds for positivity, frequency of testing, and the types of tests used are inconsistent. Cancer screening can result in overdiagnosis and other harms. How can the optimal strategy for cancer screening be found? In a Perspective, Kalager and Bretthauer discuss how the harms of cancer screening can be balanced against the benefits by comparing the variables of screening tests in national trials as part of public health programs. These learning screening programs could improve public health by basing screening programs on current clinical data. Science , this issue p. [143][1] [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.aay3156
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