Improving attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder recognition in family practice.

Abstract

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a disorder with childhood-onset and manifests by inattention, ­hyperactivity, and impulsivity.1 These symptoms are developmentally inappropriate and cause academic and social impairments in two or more settings.1 At one time, the belief that most children “grow out of it” during adolescence was widespread.2 Adult ADHD was not considered a legitimate clinical entity.2 Longitudinal research, however, indicates that for most of these children, ADHD symptoms and impairments persist across their life span.3 The prevalence of ADHD in adults is estimated to be 2.5%.4 Adult ADHD adversely affects important life domains such as academic functioning, work, family, and social relationships.1 In a recent article, Long and Coats synthesized the experiences of adults receiving a delayed diagnosis of ADHD. Overall, participants in several countries (n = 122) reported an accumulation of psychosocial burdens and missed opportunities which they attributed to their undiagnosed ADHD.5 The general sentiment of participants was that they wished they were diagnosed earlier. This study suggests the need for improved screening for adult ADHD.5 Yet, incorporating ADHD screening in family medicine remains a challenge. The variability of clinical presentation may prevent accurate diagnosis and treatment.1