Improvements on the back-calculation technique for estimating anthropogenic CO 2

Abstract

The back-calculation technique for evaluating the anthropogenic CO 2 ( C ANT) input corrects total inorganic carbon for the remineralisation of organic matter and the dissolution of calcium carbonate, along with subtracting the pre-industrial equilibrium total inorganic carbon. This technique is mainly dependent on the estimation of the preformed values of total alkalinity, oxygen and partial pressure of CO 2 ( pCO 2). A new approach for estimating the preformed alkalinity (TA 0) in the North Atlantic Ocean is suggested. TA 0 is parameterised as a function of the inorganic to organic carbon decomposition ratio in the water column in agreement with sediment trap data and a recent review by Milliman et al. (Deep-Sea Res. I 46 (1999) 1653), which gives evidence for a considerable calcium carbonate dissolution in the upper 500–1000 m of the ocean, above the lysocline. We recalculated the C ANT content in a section along the Eastern North Atlantic (OacesNAtlIIB-93) using this new TA 0, the Mehrbach et al. (Limnol. Oceanogr. 8 (1973) 897) CO 2 dissociation constants, and including the effect of water vapour pressure on estimation of the pre-industrial pCO 2. Our findings lead us to conclude that the CO 2 disequilibrium when water masses are formed is small and not significant. Direct and indirect evidence based on available high-quality CO 2 data taken in formation areas in late winter conditions support this argument.