Improvements in deviation settlement mechanism of Indian electricity grid system through demand response management

Abstract

Abstract This paper proposes the improvements in deviation settlement mechanism of Indian electricity grid system through demand response management (DRM) with the objective to minimize real-time under-injection/over-drawl or maximize real-time over-injection/under-drawl with respect to scheduled injection/drawl such that the deviation settlement charge (DSC) is minimum, subject to the network power flow equations, transmission line capability constraints, DRM constraints and bounds on variables. The mechanism to settle the unscheduled transactions, commonly named as deviation settlement mechanism (DSM), has been implemented to achieve grid frequency stability by imposing penalties and paying incentives, also known as DSC, for over- and under-drawls from the scheduled transactions. In this paper, the improvements in DSM have been solved as an optimization problem to minimize the DSC for a time period of 96 time-blocks (each of 15 min duration). The proposed improvement in DSM has been tested on modified IEEE 9-Bus system. It has been assumed that the generators installed at bus numbers 1, 2 and 3 are the central generating stations, which are monitored and controlled by the regional load dispatch center (RLDC). The simulation results are obtained (with varying percentages of shifting and different participating patterns of prosumers) for which the remarkable benefits of the proposed improvement in DSM (in terms of DSC minimization and improvement in the voltage profile and power flow) have been presented.