Improvement on sample clean-up for high-performance liquid chromatographic–fluorimetric determination of diarrhetic shellfish toxins using 1-bromoacetylpyrene

Abstract

Okadaic acid (OA) and dinophysistoxin-2, two of the main diarrhetic shellfish toxins, can be determined by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to fluorimetry as pyrenacyl esters. Toxin fluorescent derivatives were obtained after quantitative derivatization with 1-bromoacetylpyrene in acetonitrile. An efficient improvement in the silica gel clean-up procedure of the pyrenacyl derivatives is reported. The clean-up cartridge is washed with hexane–dichloromethane (1:1, v/v), dichloromethane–ethyl acetate (8:2, v/v), and finally the pyrenacyl esters were eluted with dichloromethane–methanol (9:1, v/v). We compare this procedure with other methods already described. Good results were obtained with mussels, scallops and clams. The clean-up procedure showed good robustness when checked against silica and solvents activity. Using samples of mussel hepatopancreas with an OA concentration ranging from 0 to 2 μg OA/g hepatopancreas, the inter-assay relative standard deviation ranged from 5.5 to 12.6%.