Abstract
Development of superior genotypes with high adaptability to different environments is considered as one of the most important goals in safflower breeding programs. In this study, ten parametric and six non-parametric measures along with the additive main effects and the relevant multiplicative interaction (AMMI) model were used to evaluate genotype by environment interaction (GE) in 15 safflower genotypes across 12 test environments ) combination of year, planting date and moisture conditions) during growing seasons in 2016 and 2017. AMMI analysis revealed significant differences among the genotypes and their GE interactions. The different stability statistics were substantiated by rank correlation coefficient. Rank-correlation coefficients revealed positive and significant correlations between mean seed yield and superiority index (r = 0.99**), and significant and negative correlation with bi, R2, Dij and non- parametric measures (NPi(2), NPi(3) and NPi(4)). Based on most stability parameters, the Mex.295 genotype (G10) was found to be the most stable for seed yield. IL.111 genotype (G9) recorded the highest mean yielding genotype regarded as the most favorable safflower genotype. In conclusion, both stability and seed yield should be simultaneously considered to exploit useful effects of G × E interactions in safflower breeding programs.
Highlights
Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is mainly grown in dryland conditions of the world as an oilseed crop with diverse genetic backgrounds and the pharmaceutical industry uses (Kumar et al, 2016)
The AMMI model revealed that the seed yield was considerably influenced through genotype, environment, and genotype × environment interaction (Table 2)
AMMI analysis of variance partitioned the GE interaction into three interaction principal component axes (IPCA), all of which were significant for seed yield, while the three first principal components explained 92.61 % of the GE interaction
Summary
Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is mainly grown in dryland conditions of the world as an oilseed crop with diverse genetic backgrounds and the pharmaceutical industry uses (Kumar et al, 2016). With the development of global changes, researchers from all over the world increasingly pay attention to drought as a major abiotic stress limiting growth and productivity of crops. Iran is known as one of the highest genetic diversity for safflower in the world (Knowles, 1969). It hosts a large number of native landraces with improved yields in seed and oil (Golkar, 2014). As a major fundamental abiotic stress factor limiting and restricting the crop plants growth and production (Farooq et al, 2012 Hussain et al, 2016). Different environments usually have significant fluctuation on seed yield of different genotypes due to the different responses of the genotypes to environmental features including environmental stresses (biotic and abiotic)
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