Improvement of water resistance by Fe2O3/TiO2 photoelectrocatalysts for formaldehyde removal: experimental and theoretical investigation.

Jing Dong,Guohua Jing,Huazhen Shen,Qing Li,Wenjie Xia,Bihong Lv,Chung-shin Yuan

doi:10.1007/s11356-021-16459-w

Abstract

TiO2-based photocatalysts are a potential technology for removing indoor formaldehyde (CHOH) owing to their strong photooxidation ability. However, their photooxidation performance is generally weakened when suffering from the competitive adsorption of H2O. In a method inspired by the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) to generate intermediates with hydroxyl radicals on the anode electrode catalysts, an electric field was employed in this research and applied to the photooxidation of CHOH to prevent the competitive adsorption of H2O. Additionally, 0.5-5% Fe2O3 decorated TiO2 was employed to improve the photoelectrocatalytic activity. The influence of an electric field on hydroxyl-radical production was investigated by both density functional theory (DFT) with direct-imposed dipole momentum and photoelectrocatalytic experimental tests. The surface characterization of the photocatalysts, including transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), was conducted. DFT results show that a positive electric field with a strength of 0.05 Å/V was more favorable to produce hydroxyl on Fe2O3/TiO2(010) than was a negative electric field. Fe2O3 decoration can significantly boost hydroxyl formation, resulting from a decrease in the binding energy between the Fe of Fe2O3 and the oxygen and hydrogen atoms of H2O. The dissociated hydrogen atom of the H2O preferentially remained on the catalysts' surface rather than being released into the gas flow. The experimental results demonstrated thatapplying 150 V could not directly enhance the photooxidation of CHOH by either TiO2 or Fe2O3/TiO2 but that it could relieve the H2O inhibitory effect by more than 10% on the Fe2O3/TiO2.

Highlights

Formaldehyde (CHOH) is one of China’s most harmful indoor air pollutants and poses a dangerous threat to human health (Kim et al, 2011; Tang et al, 2009)
The morphologies of TiO2 and Fe2O3/TiO2 exhibited similar granule shapes according to scanning electron microscope (SEM) (Figure 2(a) and (e))
The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of TiO2 clearly showed that most of these granules displayed elongated tetragonal cuboids with a dspace of 0.37 nm in Figure 2(b), which highly approached that of the exposed facet of the (010) plane (Pan et al, 2011)

Summary

Introduction

Formaldehyde (CHOH) is one of China’s most harmful indoor air pollutants and poses a dangerous threat to human health (Kim et al, 2011; Tang et al, 2009). Various removal technologies including adsorption (Yang et al, 2017), solvent absorption ( Yang et al, 2017), catalytic conversion (Guo et al, 2019; Li et al, 2020; Miao et al., 2019; Nie et al, 2016), and photooxidation, can effectively address indoor CHOH pollution Due to their photoinduced holes and electrons, photocatalysts can produce highly oxidative hydroxyl or superoxide radicals, being good candidates for the photooxidation of CHOH (Wang et al, 2017; Yu et al, 2013; Zhang et al, 2017). The released electrons are transported to the anodes, following Eq (1) below, H2O + * → *OH + H+ + e-

Methods

Results

Conclusion