Improvement of Treatment Efficiency of Thermophilic Oxic Process for Highly Concentrated Lipid Wastes by Nutrient Supplementation

Abstract

The biodegradation of highly concentrated lipid wastes was conducted by a thermophilic oxic process (TOP). In order to improve the treatment efficiency of TOP, the stimulatory effect of nutrient supplementation was examined. A model nutrient supplement that satisfied the essential components necessary to promote degradation of lipid wastes was developed. The importance of balanced nutrient supplement consisting of organic and inorganic components was demonstrated. Regardless of the source of either vegetable oil or animal fat, the combination of 1.5 g of yeast extract, 1 g of urea and 60 ml of trace-element solution was effective to stimulate the degradation of 15 g of lipids by TOP. With this combination, degradation efficiencies of 68% and 77% in a 120-h treatment were attained for salad oil and lard, respectively. The conversion ratio of degraded lipid materials to CO2 was 0.91, confirming the advantage of TOP, i.e., very low excess sludge generation. The effectiveness of the model nutrient supplement for stimulating the degradation of lipid materials by TOP was also confirmed when tested on three kinds of actual highly concentrated lipid wastes. A constant degradation efficiency of around 60% in a 120-h treatment was attained for all lipid wastes although further improvement of degradation efficiency was possible by some nutrient addition into the model supplement combination. Based on the model nutrient supplement, the essential components for stimulating oil degradation by TOP and the possible alternative materials for the model nutrient supplement were discussed. The results demonstrated the possibility of employing TOP (stimulated by nutrient supplement) as a new biological treatment strategy for highly concentrated lipid wastes.