Improvement of the technological process of obtaining initial pear plants

Abstract

The process of obtaining initial pear plants is considered. The technological process includes the selection of plants of a certain variety according to pomological, physiological qualities and productivity; diagnostics for the presence of viruses, phytoplasmas and other harmful organisms by ELISA, PCR and indicators testing; in the absence of healthy plants – release from pathogens by methods of thermotherapy, chemotherapy, in vitro culture, magnetotherapy with re-testing. After preliminary testing in greenhouse conditions, candidate plants for initial plants are obtained, which are then subjected to testing using a set of diagnostic methods. Plants free from the main harmful viruses and phytoplasma are transferred to the category of “initial plants”, and if all the tested plants are infected, they are subjected to recovery. Dry air thermotherapy in combination with grafting of apexes on virus-free rootstocks provides the possibility of obtaining healthy plants during one growing season. For chemotherapy, along with reference drugs (ribavirin), the use of phenolic compounds (salicylic, gallic acids) is promising, which can increase the efficiency of plant recovery from viruses by an average of 28–30%, reduce the cost of the recovery process and improve workplace safety. The use of magnetic pulse processing increases the environmental safety of the technology in the absence of the phytotoxic effect. After diagnosis by a complex of methods in the absence of viruses, pear plants receive the category “initial plant” and are further propagated by budding or grafting.