Abstract
The study of the components of the balance of biogenic elements in anthropogenic ecosystems has been carried out and the mechanism for calculating the balance of biogenic elements has been determined. The necessity of improving the existing methodology is proved, which consists in preliminary modeling of the catchment area using geoinformation methods. On the example of the mouth of the river, a drainage area was modeled in Oril, during which the boundaries and total catchment area were determined, which is 39.7 thousand hectares. Experimental studies have determined the area of land according to their types of nature use (industrial, residential, forestry and agricultural, etc.). It has been established that only 15% of the investigated lands have agricultural use, however, it is this type of nature management that most contributes to biogenic pollution of this ecosystem. According to the results of calculations, it is determined that up to 10 thousand tons of nitrogen and phosphorus, respectively, are accumulated in the soil due to the excess use of mineral fertilizers. The results obtained indicate the feasibility and practical attractiveness of the proposed approach for calculating the balance of nutrients. Improvements include the application of digital elevation model and normalized vegetation index geodata obtained using ArcGIS Desktop software. It is shown that the technique used will allow obtaining the results of the adjusted volumes of nitrogen and phosphorus accumulation in soils and indicating the sources of their input. Thus, there are grounds for improving the methodology for calculating the balance of nutrients through the use of information technology. The geoecological approach will intensify the monitoring of nutrients, which will help to regulate the pressure on the ecosystem.
Highlights
Nutrients are among the key nutrients that stimulate the development of autotrophic aquatic organisms and provide support in the water for primary production and accumulation of organic matter
Based on high-resolution satellite images obtained free of charge in the navigation program SAS.Planet and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) raster surface modeled in the second block, it is necessary to digitize the elements of the electronic map of the research object
This manipulation occurs by overlaying the NDVI raster surface, taking into account the classification according to the standard scale, on the vector map of the catchment area
Summary
Nutrients (compounds of nitrogen and phosphorus) are among the key nutrients that stimulate the development of autotrophic aquatic organisms and provide support in the water for primary production and accumulation of organic matter. As noted [2], the low quality of natural waters leads to a decrease in biological diversity and productivity of water bodies as a result of eutrophication of freshwater ecosystems. As noted in [4], the unsatisfactory quality of natural waters causes the spread of diseases when using such waters with centralized and decentralized water supply for drinking and household needs over large areas and distances from pollution sources. The impact of nitrogen and phosphorus compounds on the environment is multifaceted, studies aimed at improving methods for determining the volumes and sources of nutrient input should be considered relevant. In order to prevent secondary pollution of the environment, it is advisable to predict the nature of the spread and places of localization of pollutants
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