Abstract
The traditional method of sago starch extraction is a time- and labor-intensive process. The most laborious stage is pith disintegration which is done by using a hammer-like tool called a pounder followed by washing and screening the starch. However, the use of mechanical processing equipment is saving time and energy. Consequently, sago starch production increased, both in quantity and quality. With regard to the mechanical processing, it is necessary to provide mechanical equipment which is suitable and easy to use by ordinary farmers. This paper provides an overview of improvement of small-scale sago processing machinery in order to improve the performance. It consists of two separate operation units, namely, the cylinder-type sago rasping machine and the stirrer blade-type sago starch extractor. The performance of the improved sago rasping machine is characterized by (a) rasping capacity 730–1009 kg/h, (b) starch percentage 47.2%, and (c) starch loss in sago pith waste of only 4%. Meanwhile, the performance of improved sago extraction machine is (a) extraction capacity 1007 kg of rasped pith per hour, (b) starch percentage was 24%, and (c) starch loss in waste is 2.1%. The machines are intended for small-scale (household) processing of sago and are suitable for adoption in most sago-producing areas, such as those in Papua and Papua New Guinea.
Highlights
Indonesia has the largest potential of sago in the world, but the sago starch production and utilization are very small compared with its potential
Indonesia, and Papua New Guinea are the main world producers where sago is a commercial palm for the production of starch and/or conversion to animal feed or to ethanol
A second stage screen, of 100 mesh stainless steel strainers, is used, and it is placed at the end of flowing pipe. The performance of this extractor is much higher compared to the previous prototype, i.e., (a) extraction capacity 1007 kg of rasped pith per hour, (b) starch percentage 24%, and (c) starch loss in waste 2.1%
Summary
Indonesia has the largest potential of sago in the world, but the sago starch production and utilization are very small compared with its potential. Up to the present time, farmers in this region cut sago palms and process starch mainly for subsistence use and to sell starch locally, but they exploit only a very small amount compared with its potential. Farmers in the area continue to use traditional systems to process sago starch because they lack mechanical equipment. The principles and methods of sago starch processing or sago starch extraction are almost the same for both traditional and mechanical production, differing only in the equipment which is used and the scale of operation (Rajyalakshmi 2004; Kamal et al 2007; Karim et al 2008). 17 Improvement of Sago Processing Machinery due to the application of imported agricultural machinery directly, unlike the Japanese who make modifications according to local conditions and produce their own for use by their farmers. The mechanization consists of two separate operational units, cylinder-type sago rasper and a stirrer blade-type sago starch extractor
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