Abstract
In Japan, land consolidation and drainage improvement for farm mechanization in paddy fields began during the 1960 s. It was not easy to use big machines in the muddy conditions caused by the clayey soil and heavy rainfall during the harvesting period. A number of investigations were carried out by many researchers, and factors relating to drainage were clarified. Not only surface drainage but also underdrainage was planned. However, drainage was not always sufficient, because the clayey surface soil was impermeable to ponding water. It became clear that underdrainage for a clayey paddy field for the harvest is quite different from underdrainage for an ordinary field. Field and soil characteristics, as well as water conditions, should be examined carefully before planning drainage improvement for farm mechanization.
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