Improvement of Osseointegration by Ultraviolet and/or Simvastatin Treatment on Titanium Implants with or without Bone Graft Materials.

Ji Jun,Kyu-Hyung Park,Hong Moon,Narae Jung,Kyung Oh,Jiayi Li

doi:10.3390/ma14133707

Abstract

We evaluated and compared ultraviolet (UV) treatment and simvastatin (SIM) immersion effects on the osseointegration of sandblasted, large-grit, acid-etched (SLA) titanium dental implants at two different time points in rabbit tibias, with or without xenogenic bone graft materials. The surface alteration on simvastatin treatment titanium discs was analyzed using an infrared spectrometer. Implants were categorized into four groups according to the surface treatment type. Twelve rabbits received two implants per tibia. A tibial defect model was created using a trephine bur, with implants in contact with the bone surface and bovine bone graft materials for gap filling. The rabbits were sacrificed after 2 or 4 weeks. UV treatment or SIM immersion increased the bone-to-implant contact (BIC) on nongrafted sides, and both increased the BIC and bone area (BA) on grafted sides. The application of both treatments did not result in higher BIC or BA than a single treatment. At two different time points, BIC in the nongrafted sides did not differ significantly among the UV and/or SIM treated groups, whereas BA differed significantly. UV or SIM treatment of SLA titanium implants accelerates osseointegration in tibias with or without xenogenic bone graft materials. The combination of both treatments did not show synergy.

Highlights

The spectrum of the disc immersed in simvastatin solution resembled that of simvastatin reported in the literature [63,64]
The null hypothesis of the present study was rejected because UV treatment and/or simvastatin immersion of implants resulted in considerable bone formation in vivo at the bone-implant interface, both in surfaces contacting the pristine bone and in the neighboring gap defects filled with xenogenic bone substitutes
Within the limitations of this study, for a peri-implant bone defect in the rabbit tibia, histomorphometric analysis supported that UV irradiation or immersion of the implant in simvastatin solution has the potential to promote the rate of bone regeneration around titanium implants, as characterized by significantly higher bone-to-implant contact (BIC) values

Summary

Introduction

Immediate implant placement is the insertion of a dental implant directly into a fresh extraction socket site [1]. Implants are usually placed in contact with the palatal bony wall to keep the labial wall intact and achieve favorable initial stability in the maxillary anterior region [3]. In most cases, a gap defect is formed around the coronal area between the labial wall and the implant due to the discrepancy in size and shape between the implant and the socket [4]. Inserting xenogenic bone graft materials such as bovine bone that provide structural support for new bone formation in conjunction with a resorbable membrane into these gaps has been proven to be an effective and predictable approach [1,5,6,7,8]

Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusion