Abstract
Objective: This research is to study the production of natural red pigment by Monascus purpureus TISTR3615 in the submerged and solid-statefermentation system using Pathumthani-1 rice as a carbon source.Methods: The antioxidant activity of the red pigment was evaluated in vitro 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ABTS radical scavenging assay,and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay, including total phenolic compound.Results and Discussion: The maximum of red pigment production was 0.55±0.02/ml (OD 680 nm) after incubation at 30°C for 24 days. Theantioxidant activity based on inhibition DPPH (%), ABTS radical scavenging activity (%), and FRAP activity (mM Fe2+/g) was 97.80±1.51,68.64±0.46, and 0.32±0.021, respectively. The total phenolic content was 164.78±2.82 μg GAE/mg.Conclusion: It was estimated that Monascus pigments, leading to nutraceutical and pharmaceutical applications, cosmetic industry, and foodindustry.
Highlights
Pigments production from micro-organisms was used as a probable alternative to synthetic pigments such as synthetic food colors, some of which have a risk to consumer health and may be carcinogenic substance to humans [1]
ABTS radical scavenging assay First, the ABTS stock solution was prepared by mixing an equal concentration of 7 mM, which contains an ABTS with 2.45 mM of potassium persulfate aqueous solutions and incubating the same for 12– 16 h under dark condition
Maximum values of all fungal growth and pigment production was increased by increasing the incubation periods to 8 h, M. purpureus TISTR3615 showed the red pigment (OD 0.55±0.02/ml) (Fig. 1)
Summary
Pigments production from micro-organisms was used as a probable alternative to synthetic pigments such as synthetic food colors, some of which have a risk to consumer health and may be carcinogenic substance to humans [1]. Red mold rice (RMR) or Monascus purpureus is one of the richest producers of various pigments which reported to have a complex mixture of six chemically colored compounds of polyketide source [4]. These compounds contain a many sources of yellow-red pigment such as rubropunctatine, monascorubrine (orange), rubropunctamine, monascorubramine (red), monascine, and ankaflavine (yellow) [1,5]. The cheap agricultural products and biomass residues, which are abundant in agricultural countries in the world, including Thailand, are an important sources for both energy utilization and novel product improvement They will become the key to reducing the sustainable agricultural production system in the future. The antioxidant activity of the red pigment was evaluated in vitro 2,2-diphenyl-1picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ABTS radical scavenging assay, and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay, including total phenolic compound
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