Abstract
The purpose of this research was to evaluate the growth phase of orchid Vanda hybrid (Vanda limbata Blume X Vanda tricolor Lindl. var. suavis) response with colchicines treatment, to determine precise effective concentration of colchicines and duration of treatment to induce polyploidy. This research used variation of colchicines concentration which were 0.01%; 0.05%; 0.1%; 0.5%; 1% and 0% and incubation for 6 hours; 12 hours; 18 hours; 24 hours; and 4 days. Treatment was done in aseptic condition using protocorm aged 7 week after sowing. After treatments, plants were planted on Vacint and Went (VW) medium supplemented with of 150 ml/l coconut water. After four months, they were subcultured in medium VW + 150 ml/l + 150g/l banana extract. The results showed that the orchid Vanda hybrid was intolerant to colchicine concentration of 0.1; 0.5 and 1% by death protocorm was more than 50%. Concentration of 0,5% with 6 hours soaking time is the most effective to induced tetraploid in orchid Vanda hybrid. Morphological characters of tetraploid plantlets had lower average number and length of roots, the number, length, and width of the leaves than those of control. Anatomical characters of the tetraploid plantlets revealed the highest stomatal size and had smaller of stomatal index than controls. This evident indicated a negative correlation between stomatal index and ploidy level. Cytological analysis with flow cytometry revealed that tetraploid plantlets (2n=4x=76) stained with DAPI showed the chromosome number more than those of control (2n=2x=38).Key words : polyploidization, colchicine, vanda orchid, chromosome number
Highlights
Indonesia is a country that is very rich in diversity of species and varieties of various horticultural crops, one of them is orchid
Vanda limbata Blume and Vanda tricolor Lindl. var. suavis is a local orchid of Indonesia which has a superior characters as the parent crosses, so expect through crossbreeding both local Indonesian orchid species will be produced orchid hybrids that have diverse properties because it comes from a different species
Materials used in this research were protocorm aged 7 Weeks After Sowing derived from F1 seed germination from crossing of Vanda limbata Blume X Vanda tricolor Lindl. var. suavis on medium Vacint and Went (VW) containing 150 ml / L of coconut water
Summary
Indonesia is a country that is very rich in diversity of species and varieties of various horticultural crops, one of them is orchid. Suavis is a local orchid of Indonesia which has a superior characters as the parent crosses, so expect through crossbreeding both local Indonesian orchid species will be produced orchid hybrids that have diverse properties because it comes from a different species. Genetic mutations are increasingly being used to produce new varieties with physical characteristics and particular phenotypes, such as changes in growth, flower color, increase in size and adaptability. Treatment with colchicine mutation would cause a duplication of chromosomes (polyploidization) followed by an increase in the size of the cells and tissues of plants. Some of the characters are related with polyploidy is an increase in vigor and plant resistance to pests and diseases, the size of the larger flowers and flower colors are more vivid, and the vitality of flowers longer than the type diploid (Zainuddin, 2006; Silalahi, 2011). The method used in this research is explant immersion technique is protocorm in a solution of mas.ccsenet.org
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