Abstract
ABSTRACTThis study aimed to investigate the effect of urea (U) and molasses (M) supplement on the nutritive value of cassava pulp and in vitro gas fermentation. The ensiling study was randomly assigned according to a 4 × 4 factorial arrangement in a completely randomized design. The first factor was U supplementation at U0, U2, U4, and U6% and the second was M supplementation at M0, M2, M4, and M6% of dry matter, respectively. After 14 days of ensiling, treated cassava pulp was sampled for chemical composition analysis and subsequently used to study in vitro fermentation. The results revealed that increasing U supplement levels could increase crude protein and decrease fibre contents of treated cassava pulp (P < .05). Increasing U and M supplement levels increased gas production and in vitro true digestibility (P < .05). Total bacteria, Fibrobacter succinogenes and Ruminococcus flavefaciens were increased in cassava pulp treated with U and M supplemented groups (P < .05). Based on this experiment, it could be concluded that U4 and M4% supplement could improve the nutritive value of treated cassava pulp and increase gas production, in vitro digestibility, and the growth of dominant cellulolytic bacterial population. However, further research should be conducted on the use of treated cassava pulp in ruminant feeding.
Highlights
Cassava root contains high levels of energy and has been used as a source of readily fermentable energy in ruminant rations (Wanapat 2003)
The samples were divided into two parts: the first part was for dry matter (DM) analysis (AOAC 1997) and the second part was dried in a forced-air oven at 60°C for 96 hour, ground through a 1-mm stainless steel screen (Cyclotec 1093 Sample mill, Tecator, Hoganas, Sweden), and analysed for organic matter (OM) and CONTACT Thitima Norrapoke oreo99@windowslive.com
This indicated that the combination of U and M supplementation could enhance the quality of the cassava pulp ensilage
Summary
Cassava root contains high levels of energy and has been used as a source of readily fermentable energy in ruminant rations (Wanapat 2003). Cassava starch production is a huge and growing industry in Thailand, with approximately 10 million tonnes of fresh cassava roots used annually (Chauynarong et al 2009). 1.5–2.0 million tonnes of cassava pulp are produced annually from the entire cassava starch industry. It contains abundant starch (60%), while the other main carbohydrates are cellulose and hemicelluloses (20%) (Sriroth et al 2000; Manish and Banerjee 2008; Kosugia et al 2009). Kang, Khejornsart et al (2013) reported that supplementation of urea (U) and molasses (M) could improve the quality of whole-crop rice silage in terms of nutritive value and rumen degradation
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