Abstract
Considering the great changes in the properties of materials due to electron-beam irradiation (EBI), we present the effect of EBI on the gas-sensing properties of Pd-functionalized reduced graphene oxide (RGO). Scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used for the characterization of the synthesized products. The samples were irradiated by electron beams at doses of 100 and 500 kGy and the NO2 gas-sensing properties were investigated. It was found that irradiation by electron beams has a critical effect on the gas-sensing properties of the irradiated samples, with samples irradiated at a dose of 500 kGy showing a higher response relative to that of the 100 kGy irradiated samples. The increased number of high-energy defects was the main cause of the increase in the gas response. Moreover, due to creation of high-energy defects, the response times of sensors irradiated with 500 kGy were decreased by 69.4%. The results of this study can eventually lead to increased performance levels of RGO-based sensors which use EBI, as this technology can introduce changes in materials in a non-contact, clean and powerful manner.
Highlights
Metal oxide gas sensors at present are among the most important sensing instruments for the detection of gases (Mirzaei et al, 2016; Kim et al, 2018) and humidity (Su et al, 2017)
For Pd-reduced graphene oxide (RGO)-0, Pd-RGO-100, and Pd-RGO-500, the peak positions of the (002) plane are located at 26.02◦, 26.33◦, and 26.77◦, respectively, which is in accordance with the (002) plane of graphite as a raw material (Yeung et al, 2008)
Pd-functionalized RGO gas sensors were synthesized by a reduction of GO by Hummer’s method and the subsequent sputtering of a Pd thin layer followed by thermal treatment
Summary
Metal oxide gas sensors at present are among the most important sensing instruments for the detection of gases (Mirzaei et al, 2016; Kim et al, 2018) and humidity (Su et al, 2017). Due to the generation of oxygen-functional groups between the layers, the d-spacing of RGO can be increased and the presence of strain will result in a decrease in the interplanar spacing (Xu et al, 2011; Babitha et al, 2014).
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