Improvement of Multi-Chain PEGASIS Using Relative Distance

Abstract

Because wireless sensor networks are limited energy environments that cannot be recharged, various routing protocols have been studied to maximize energy efficiency. One of the most energy-efficient routing protocols in this research area is PEGASIS (Power-Efficient Gathering in Sensor Information Systems), a hierarchical routing protocol of chain-based topology configuration. However, PEGASIS also has some considerable problems resulted in higher energy consumption such as (1) it does not consider the Base Station (BS) location; (2) it does not consider residual energy of Leader Nodes (LNs); (3) it needs an additional device such as Global Positioning System (GPS); and (4) its chain can become too long to keep energy efficiency. In this paper, we have suggested a new routing protocol to improve PEGASIS by getting rid of the above problems. Especially, we have used the concepts of relative distance, by which the suggested protocol does not need GPS and it allows BS to generate the location information table and construct the multi-chain topology. Furthermore, this multi-chain protocol has used the differential data transfer that aggregates only the changed values in order to reduce the amount of data transmission. Simulation results show that the suggested protocol can increase the network lifetime of WSNs compared to PEGASIS.