Improvement of methods of the influence on microbiological indicators of raw milk

Abstract

Improving the quality and safety of milk and dairy products requires professional work on the technology and culture of production, improving the operating conditions of equipment and improving methods for influencing microbiological indicators. A method of electromagnetic influence on the microbial cell control system is proposed that allows reducing the growth rate of microorganisms, optimizing the quality and safety of milk and increasing the shelf life of products. The object of the study was the milk of cows of Kholmogorskaya breed, which were housed at loose (group 1) and tie barn (group 2) methods. It has been found that the method of housing animals does not affect the physical and chemical parameters of the milk under study, which meet the requirements for raw materials. Density, freezing point, acidity, and somatic cell content in milk have been affected by the season of the year. Changes in the quantitative composition of sanitary-indicative microorganisms of raw milk depend both on the method of housing and milking cows, and on the season of the year. The highest contamination of milk with microflora has been observed in the case of cows housing in tie barn. The maximum number of microorganisms has been observed in the summer with different methods of housing. There were no Salmonella in the milk of experimental groups of cows. Yeast and fungi have been registered in all milk samples. The influence of electromagnetic radiation on the development of certain types of microorganisms has been established. The largest number of Quantity of Mesophilic Aerobic and Facultative Anaerobic Microorganisms (QMAFAnM) was in raw milk without additional effects and amounted to 486 289 CFU/cm[sup]3[/sup] . When exposed to electromagnetic pulses the number of yeast and mold fungi has been decreased by 9 or more times.