Abstract
The object of research is the system of indirect taxation, in particular, the mechanisms of administration of indirect taxes. One of the most problematic places is the lack of efficiency of such taxes, affecting the volume of revenues to the Consolidated Budget of Ukraine.Statistical and economic methods are used to assess the fiscal value of indirect consumption taxes in the structure of budget revenues. The analytical method is used when considering the status of indirect taxes for the reporting period (2014–2018), which gave a complete picture of the amount of budget revenues. The main shortcomings of the system of taxation of indirect taxes are identified and substantiated, the most important of which are: reduction of the fiscal sufficiency of the value added tax (VAT) and the imperfection of the system of administration of indirect taxes. Based on the method of comparing the experience of various countries, the main ways of improving tax administration in Ukraine have been formed.As a research result, it is found that VAT is the main one in terms of budget formation. Its share reached the highest level in 2018 (75.1 %). This is due to the fact that since 2016, a 7 % rate on medicines has been introduced. The second in fiscal efficiency is the excise tax, which tended to increase from 22.9 % in 2014 to 24.3 % in 2017. The third indirect tax is the duty: its share in 2014 was 6.4 %, decreasing to 4.7 % in 2018Thanks to the research, it is established that the level of fulfillment of indirect taxes in Ukraine did not meet the planned indicators. This demonstrates the need to improve the functioning of the tax system. This result can be achieved by reducing the list of preferential VAT transactions and improving the customs legislation of Ukraine in accordance with international standards. The use of foreign experience in the regulation of Ukrainian indirect taxation will contribute to the stabilization of economic growth and the gradual integration of the state into the European community.
Highlights
Ensuring effective budget replenishment is one of the key problems in most countries of the world
The analysis of indirect taxes shows that the main factor from the position of filling the budget was value added tax. This tax plays a key role in the process of form ing the revenues of the state’s consolidated budget, since it is the least exposed to market fluctuations in world prices for raw materials and energy compared to other taxes
Analyzing the structure of tax revenues to the consolidated budget of Ukraine during 2014–2018, it should be noted that indirect taxes showed high fiscal efficiency as compared to direct ones. They provided from 43.1 % in 2014 and 42.1 % in 2018 of the total volume of revenues of the consolidated budget, while direct ones – from 37.4 % to 41.2 % (Fig. 1)
Summary
Ensuring effective budget replenishment is one of the key problems in most countries of the world. It is relevant for Ukraine, given the difficult political and economic situation, in conditions that arise more acutely. Special attention is required to study the current state of the system of indirect taxation, is a necessary criterion for ensuring the conditions of stable economic growth in Ukraine. Ukraine has been making a lot of efforts to create and improve the system of indirect taxation, the transformation of indirect taxes on effective levers of the national economy. Since indirect taxes are one of the most complex taxes of the Ukrainian tax system, such transformations have not been implemented. That is why a detailed analysis of their administration and budget revenues are important both for taxpayers and for the state
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