Abstract
Cognitive radio (CR) is a wireless technology developed to improve the usage in the spectrum frequency. Energy consumption is considered as a big problem in this technology, especially during a spectrum sensing. In this paper, we propose an algorithm to improve the energy consumption during the spectrum sensing. The theoretical analysis to calculate the amount of energy consumption, using the proposed method during sensing stage as well as the transmission stage during transmitting a local decision to the fusion center FC, are derived. The proposed algorithm is using energy detection technique to detect the presence or absence of the primary user (PU). The proposed algorithm consists of two stages: the coarse sensing stage and fine sensing stage. In the coarse sensing stage, all the channels in the band are sensed shortly and the channel that have maximum (or minimum) energy is identified to make a dense fine sensing for confirming the presence of the PU signal (or hole). The performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated in two scenarios: non-cooperative, and cooperative in both the AWGN and Rayleigh fading channels. The simulation results show that the proposed method improves the energy consumption by about 40% at a low SNR values, when compared with the traditional methods based on a single sensing stage and more advanced method based on censoring and sequential censoring algorithms.
Highlights
The concept of a cognitive radio is that unlicensed users can use the spectrum owned by licensed users, while they shouldn’t make an interference to the primary users when they are using the spectrum
It can be seen that on the one hand, the energy consumption is increased when the number of samples is increased, but on the other hand, the proposed method has a significant improvement in the energy consumption, especially for a high number of sensed samples
This is because the high number of samples will increase the performance of the detection and this leads to the decrease in the energy consumption
Summary
The concept of a cognitive radio is that unlicensed users (secondary users) can use the spectrum owned by licensed users (primary users), while they shouldn’t make an interference to the primary users when they are using the spectrum. Energy detection is a simple technique for spectrum sensing and is one of the most commonly employed spectrum sensing schemes. In [11], a censoring and combination of censoring and truncated sequential sensing are presented to reduce the energy consumption. We proposed a sensing method that overcomes the problems mentioned in the previous works [11, 12] It makes sensing in two stages: the first stage is to shortly sense all the channels in the spectrum with a low number of samples and identify the channel that have the maximum accumulated energy (the channel that is more likely to have a PU signal).
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