Improvement in Early Scar Maturation by Nanofat Infiltration: Histological and Spectrophotometric Preliminary Results From a Split Scar-Controlled, Randomized, Double-Blinded Clinical Trial.

Abstract

The regenerative properties of stromal vascular fraction (SVF) in wound healing and scar formation are a subject of increasing clinical interest. Although preclinical studies have confirmed the angiogenetic, proliferative, and antifibrotic properties of SVF, there is limited clinical evidence from randomized controlled clinical trials. Twelve patients who underwent abdominoplasty were included in this clinical study. Nanofat was mechanically obtained intraoperatively and infiltrated intradermally in the sutured surgical wound, randomly assigned to either the left or the right side. The abdominal scar was evaluated with the Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale, whereas erythema and pigmentation were measured with a reflectance spectrophotometry device (Mexameter, Courage + Khazaka electronic GmbH, Köln,Germany). Histological analysis and electron scan microscopy of tissue biopsies were performed at 8 months. The treated side of the scar showed significantly less erythema at 3- and 6-month follow-ups, but this difference reduced after 12 months. Patients reported better scar scores at the 6-month follow-up with a significantly better color at the treated side. Observers reported better overall scar scores at the treated side at 3-, 6-, and 12-month follow-ups, with better vascularization, pigmentation, and thickness. There was no statistically significant difference in terms of histological analysis between the 2 groups. There was no difference in the occurrence of adverse events between both sides. Infiltration of nanofat exhibited promising results in surgical scar maturation characterized by less erythema and better texture. More clinical trials with a larger sample size are warranted to better elucidate the possible benefits of SVF on surgical scar formation.