Abstract
Bone tissue engineering requires a well-designed scaffold that can be biodegradable, biocompatible, and support the stem cells to osteogenic differentiation. Porous polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffold prepared by fused deposition modeling is an attractive biomaterial that has been used in clinic. However, PCL scaffolds lack biological function and osteoinductivity. In this study, we functionalized the PCL scaffolds by embedding them with a matrix of hyaluronic acid/β-tricalcium phosphate (HA/TCP). Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were cultured on scaffolds with and without coating to investigate proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. The DNA amount was significantly higher in the HA/TCP-coated scaffold on day 21. At the gene expression level, HA/TCP coating significantly increased the expression of ALP and COLI on day 4. These data correlated with the ALP activity peaking on day 7 in the HA/TCP-coated scaffold. Scanning electron microscope and histological analysis revealed that the cell matrix and calcium deposition were distributed more uniformly in the coated scaffolds compared to scaffolds without coating. In conclusion, the HA/TCP coating improved cellular proliferation, osteogenic differentiation, and uniform distribution of the cellular matrix in vitro. The HA/TCP-PCL scaffold holds great promise to accommodate human bone marrow-derived MSCs for bone reconstruction purposes, which warrants future in vivo studies.
Highlights
Bone tissue engineering (BTE) and reconstructive surgery have been intensively researched in the past 20 years
In this study, we showed that hyaluronic acid/b-tricalcium phosphate (HA/tricalcium phosphate (TCP)) composite coating of PCL scaffold improved cellular proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human MSCs (hMSCs) and uniform cellular matrix deposition within the scaffold
This in vitro study investigated some important yet often overlooked issues in basic tissue engineering: How can seeding efficiency and homogeneity of a limited stem cell resource be improved at the bench? addressing the area of bone tissue engineering, we wanted to demonstrate a means of improving in vitro osteoconductivity of polymeric scaffold
Summary
Bone tissue engineering (BTE) and reconstructive surgery have been intensively researched in the past 20 years. Composite scaffold designs can take each material’s advantage to fulfill most of the requirements and significantly improve the physical, chemical, and biological properties.[4,5,6]. Biodegradable polyesters, such as polyglycolic acid, polylactic acid, and polycaprolactone (PCL), are the most commonly used synthetic polymer materials for BTE applications.
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