Abstract
BackgroundImpaired wound healing is a debilitating complication of diabetes that leads to significant morbidity, particularly foot ulcers. The risk of developing diabetic foot ulcers for diabetic patients is 15% over their lifetime and approximately 85% of limb amputations is caused by non–healing ulcers. Unhealed, gangrenous wounds destroy the structural integrity of the skin, which acts as a protective barrier that prevents the invasion of external noxious agents into the body. Vicenin-2 (VCN-2) has been reported to contain prospective anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that enhance cell proliferation and migration. Sodium Alginate (SA) is a natural polysaccharide that possesses gel forming properties and has biodegradable and biocompatible characteristics. Therefore, the objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of SA wound dressings containing VCN-2 on diabetic wounds.MethodsWounds were inflicted in type-1 diabetic-streptozotocin (STZ) induced male Sprague Dawley rats. Subsequently, relevant groups were topically treated with the indicated concentrations (12.5, 25 and 50 μM) of VCN-2 hydrocolloid film over the study duration (14 days). The control group was treated with vehicle dressing (blank or allantoin). Wounded tissues and blood serum were collected on 0, 7 and 14 days prior to sacrifice. Appropriate wound assessments such as histological tests, nitric oxide assays, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and immunoblotting assays were conducted to confirm wound healing efficacy in the in vivo model. One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used for statistical analysis.ResultsResults showed that hydrocolloid film was recapitulated with VCN-2 enhanced diabetic wound healing in a dose-dependent manner. VCN-2 reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α), mediators (iNOS and COX-2), and nitric oxide (NO) via the NF-κB pathway. Data suggests that the VCN-2 film facilitated healing in hyperglycemic conditions by releasing growth factors such as (VEGF and TGF-β) to enhance cell proliferation, migration, and wound contraction via the VEGF and TGF-β mechanism pathways.ConclusionsThis study’s findings suggest that VCN-2 may possess wound healing potential since topical treatment with VCN-2 hydrocolloid films effectively enhanced wound healing in hyperglycemic conditions.
Highlights
Impaired wound healing is a debilitating complication of diabetes that leads to significant morbidity, foot ulcers
The wound healing process in patients with Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is deteriorated due to hyperglycaemic conditions that lead to major chronic complications, such as Diabetic Foot Ulcers (DFUs) [2]
This study suggests that VCN-2 hydrocolloid film hold considerable promise in diabetic wound healing, and is a potential therapeutic dressing for enhanced diabetic skin wound healing in the future
Summary
Impaired wound healing is a debilitating complication of diabetes that leads to significant morbidity, foot ulcers. The orderly progression of healing events leads to rapid wound closure, and for acute wound healing a minimal or aesthetically acceptable scar with no regeneration [1]. This process takes place at an optimal rate in healthy individuals, but it is usually delayed or impaired for patients in diabetic conditions. The wound healing process in patients with DM is deteriorated due to hyperglycaemic conditions that lead to major chronic complications, such as Diabetic Foot Ulcers (DFUs) [2]. According to Brem and Canic [3], this is a 15% risk of getting foot ulcers for people with diabetes, of which 85% will have to undergo lower extremity amputations
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