Improvement of Citrus Rootstock Hybrids Derived by 2x × 2x Intra Crosses with the Aid of Embryo Rescue and Ploidy Detection

Abstract

Diploid Citrus × Poncirus hybrids have significantly contributed to citrus rootstock evaluation. In Türkiye, common sour orange rootstock is used in many different climates and soil conditions at almost 85% of citrus plantations, but this rootstock is susceptible to Citrus tristeza virus disease. This study was conducted to improve new rootstock genotypes by traditional hybridization. Common sour orange (CSO) and Common mandarin (Citrus deliciosa Ten.) (CM) were crossed with Troyer citrange (TC) while King mandarin (KM) was crossed with Carrizo citrange (CC). Embryos obtained from crosses were taken on 110, 120 and 130 days after artificial pollination (DAP), and were germinated on MT culture media. The embryos of 120 DAP of combinations had the highest germination rate within CSO×TC, 95.15%; CM×TC, 96.25%; KM×CC, 95.23%. The trifoliate rates for each combination at subculture (CSO×TC, 17.40%; CM×TC, 11.11%; KM×CC; 6.17%) were obtained from 110 DAP embryos. Survival rates of the genotypes were ranged between 72.13% and 90.28% in subculture and varied from 40.17% and 64.71% in the greenhouse. As a result of the ploidy analysis by flow cytometry, the nuclear DNA content of diploid genotypes were found between 0.78 pg/2C and 0.93 pg/2C. One of the genotypes derived from CM×TC hybridization on 120 DAP was determinated as a triploid plant.